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Effects and characteristics:
Promote plant growth, improve seed vitality, make seeds germinate quickly and seedlings strong. Enhance plant resistance, including cold resistance, drought resistance, salt and alkali resistance, etc. For example, the growth state of crops planted in saline-alkali land is improved after using brassinolide. Improve crop quality and increase the content of sugar and vitamins in fruits

Precautions:
Pay attention to the use temperature. The effect is better when used within the appropriate temperature range (usually 15-30℃). Too low or too high temperature may affect absorption and effect. Although brassinolide is relatively safe, excessive use may also cause abnormal plant growth. Use it according to the instructions. When brassinolide is mixed with some foliar fertilizers or pesticides, pay attention to their compatibility. Some ingredients may react with each other.

Effective characteristics:
Promote plant rooting and is used for cutting propagation. For example, dipping rose cuttings in naphthaleneacetic acid solution can increase the rooting rate. Prevent fruit drop and reduce physiological fruit drop during the growth of fruit trees such as apples. It can thin out flowers and fruits and adjust the load of fruit trees. Its products are mostly used for rooting.

Precautions:
When naphthaleneacetic acid is used for rooting, the concentration is critical. The concentration required for rooting of different plants varies greatly and needs to be accurately grasped. Take protective measures during operation because it is irritating to human skin and eyes. Naphthaleneacetic acid cannot be mixed with other regulators at will, and some combinations may produce antagonistic effects.

Effective features:

Promote plant carbon and nitrogen metabolism, regulate the pH value in plants, and improve the utilization rate of fertilizers by plants. Enhance the disease and insect resistance of plants, such as reducing the damage of pests and diseases in some vegetable plantings. Increase the number of branches of plants, make the plants more luxuriant, promote flower bud differentiation and flowering and fruiting.

Precautions:

DA-6 should be sprayed evenly when used to avoid excessive local concentration affecting plant growth. Store in a cool and dry place to prevent it from deteriorating. Its concentration may need to be adjusted at different stages of plant growth. Generally, a lower concentration is used to promote growth in the early stage of growth, and the concentration is appropriately increased in the later stage to regulate metabolism.

Effective features:
It can quickly penetrate into the plant body, promote the flow of cell protoplasm, and accelerate the rooting speed of plants. Enhance plant photosynthesis, make leaves dark green, and increase crop yields. Improve plant resistance, such as helping plants grow better in drought and low temperature environments.

Precautions:
Control the dosage when using. Excessive use may cause plant damage, such as yellowing and withering of leaves. Avoid using it during high temperature and strong light periods, as it may affect its effect or cause damage to plants. When sodium nitrophenolate is mixed with certain pesticides or fertilizers, a small-scale test is required first to ensure that no chemical reaction will occur to reduce the efficacy of the drug.

Efficacy and characteristics:
Promote cell elongation and division, make plants grow taller, and elongate stem nodes on crops (such as rice). Break seed dormancy. Some flower seeds can germinate early after being treated with gibberellins. Promote fruit growth, induce parthenocarpy, and help the formation of seedless grapes. Of course, gibberellins can be used on many crops, and the methods of use are different at different times. Follow the official account for further learning.

Precautions:

Use strictly according to the recommended concentration. Too high a concentration may cause the plant to grow too long and the stems to be thin and weak. Pay attention to the use period. Different plants have different sensitivities to gibberellins at different growth stages. For example, using it during the flowering period of fruit trees can increase the fruit setting rate, but if it is used near maturity, it may affect the quality of the fruit. Gibberellins are easily decomposed when encountering alkali and cannot be mixed with alkaline substances. In addition, gibberellins are insoluble in water. A small amount of alcohol or high-proof liquor can be used for dilution. Avoid using hot water.

Common English name: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, belonging to Gram-positive bacteria. Similar to Bacillus subtilis.

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens can inhibit the growth and infection of pathogenic bacteria by competing and secreting antibacterial substances.

Common name in English: Bacillus subtilis, a Gram-positive bacterium.

Its bactericidal mechanism mainly includes:

1) After Bacillus subtilis is sprayed on the plant surface, its live spores absorb and utilize nutrients and water, reproduce and occupy the leaf surface, and compete with pathogenic bacteria for nutrients and living space;

2) secrete antibacterial active substances, which have bacteriolytic effects and biological oxygen-snatching effects, and can effectively repel, inhibit and kill pathogens, achieving the effect of preventing and controlling diseases.

The potential of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) to maintain postharvest storage of sweet potato was studied. In two separate experiments, the orange-fleshed sweet potato cv. Covington was treated with 1-MCP (1.0 µL L⁻¹, 24 h) and roots stored at 15 °C. During storage, samples were evaluated for the respiration rate, sprout growth, weight loss, incidence of decay and changes in dry matter. The roots were further assayed for the temporal changes in individual non-structural carbohydrates and phenolic compounds in the skin and flesh tissues of the proximal (stem end), middle and distal (root end) regions.

RESULTS

1-MCP treatment reduced root weight loss and decay but respiration rate and non-structural carbohydrates were not affected. No sprouting was recorded irrespective of the treatment. 1-MCP transiently suppressed the accumulation of individual phenolic compounds, especially in the middle and distal segments. This accentuated the proximal dominance of phenolic compounds. Isochlorogenic acid A and chlorogenic acid were the dominant phenolics in the skin and flesh tissues, respectively.

CONCLUSION

1-MCP treatment may have an anti-decay effect and reduce weight loss. Therefore, storage trials that involve the use of continuous ethylene supplementation to inhibit sprout growth may be combined with 1-MCP to alleviate ethylene-induced weight loss and decay in sweet potato. 

By Robert S Amoah, Leon A Terry…

In order to avoid the ripening blocking effect of 1-MCP (1-methylcyclopropene) on bananas when applied before ethylene commercial treatment, 1-MCP in combination with ‘CD ethylene’ (ethylene–cyclodextrin complex) was used in gas formulations: 300 nmol mol⁻¹ 1-MCP + 1200, 2400 or 4800 nmol mol⁻¹ ethylene (ETH). Control bananas received 1-MCP alone or 4800 nmol mol⁻¹ ethylene alone or no treatment. Treatments were done on overseas shipped bananas, at 14 °C, 90% relative humidity (RH), for 16 h; the bananas were stored under the same atmospheric conditions. After 4 or 12 days the bananas were commercially treated with 500 µmol mol⁻¹ ethylene.

RESULTS

A 300 nmol mol⁻¹ 1-MCP treatment significantly blocked banana ripening in terms of physiological and technological parameters, inhibiting ethylene production and respiration, despite the commercial ethylene treatment. The application of 300 nmol mol⁻¹ 1-MCP + 1200 or 2400 nmol mol⁻¹ ethylene delayed ripening but with a regular pattern. A 300 nmol mol⁻¹ 1-MCP + 4800 nmol mol⁻¹ ethylene application did not delay ripening as did 4800 nmol mol⁻¹ ethylene treatment. The development of black spots was closely associated with advanced ripening/senescence of fruits.

CONCLUSION

The combined 300 nmol mol⁻¹ 1-MCP + 1200 or 2400 nmol mol⁻¹ ethylene treatment appears to be a promising treatment to extend banana storage, following overseas shipping. 

by Rinaldo Botondi, Federica De Sanctis, Serena Bartoloni, Fabio Mencarelli

FRESH-KING 1-MCP is used commercially to maintain the freshness of ornamental plants and flowers and preventing the ripening of fruits. FRESH-KING is used in enclosed sites, such as coolers, truck trailers, greenhouses, storage facilities, and shipping containers.