◇ It ha good control effect on domestic rats such as brown rats, yellow-breasted rats, and house mice; the killing effect is more than 90%;
◇ Rats begin to die 48 hours after ingesting the poison bait, and the peak of death occurs on the 3rd to 5th day.
◇ Effectively prevent and control resistant rats Cholecalciferol rodenticide can replace existing commonly used rodenticides or can be used alternately to prevent and control rodents that develop resistance.
◇ Synergistic anticoagulant rodenticide Used in combination with anticoagulants, it has a synergistic effect, can enhance toxicity and shorten the time of death.
◇ Save the amount of medicine After eating a lethal dose, rodents will become anorexic and stop consuming poison baits. There is no need to over-release poison baits, saving actual application costs.
◇ Extremely low toxicity to birds and poultry There is no risk of direct contact, and eating poison baits will not cause poisoning and death.
◇ No risk of secondary poisoning After rodents ingest a lethal dose of poison bait, they will become anorexic, and the effective ingredients of cholecalciferol in the gastrointestinal tract and body will not be over-enriched, and the residual time in the body is short.
◇ The risk of poisoning in humans, animals and pets is much lower than that of existing rodenticides This ingredient is contained in livestock and poultry feed and pet food as a nutritional additive to promote calcium absorption. A small amount of this product will not cause poisoning if accidentally ingested.
◇ Reduce environmental pollution caused by dead rats. Rats become anorexic and begin to lose weight after taking a lethal dose. The average weight loss is about 20% when they die.
◇ No pollution to the environment. Cholecalciferol is a natural substance contained in animals. After the poison bait comes into contact with microorganisms, sunlight and heat in the soil, it will naturally degrade and accumulate little. It does not pollute the environment and groundwater and is very friendly to the environment.
◇ Perfect poisoning treatment methods. Calcitonin can be used as an effective antidote for symptomatic treatment.
Studies were conducted on the potential use of cholecalciferol as an alternative to anticoagulant rodenticides to control common rat pest in oil palm plantations, i.e., wood rats, Rattus tiomanicus, and the secondary poisoning impact of cholecalciferol on barn owls, Tyto javanica javanica.
The laboratory efficacy of cholecalciferol (0.075% a.i.) was compared with commonly used first-generation anticoagulant rodenticides (FGARs): chlorophacinone (0.005% a.i) and warfarin (0.05% a.i).
The 6-day wild wood rat laboratory feeding trial showed cholecalciferol baits had the highest mortality rate at 71.39%. Similarly, the FGAR chlorophacinone recorded a mortality rate of 74.20%, while warfarin baits recorded the lowest mortality rate at 46.07%.
The days-to-death of rat samples was in range of 6–8 days. The highest daily consumption of bait by rat samples was recorded for warfarin at 5.85 ± 1.34 g per day while the lowest was recorded in rat samples fed cholecalciferol, i.e., 3.03 ± 0.17 g per day.
Chlorophacinone-treated and control rat samples recorded consumption of about 5 g per day. A secondary poisoning assessment on barn owls in captivity fed with cholecalciferol-poisoned rats showed after 7 days of alternate feeding, the barn owls appeared to remain healthy.
All the barn owls fed with cholecalciferol-poisoned rats survived the 7-day alternate feeding test and throughout the study, up to 6 months after exposure. All the barn owls did not show any abnormal behavior or physical change.
The barn owls were observed to be as healthy as the barn owls from the control group throughout the study.
source:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9938244/
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is a common microbial agent that is widely distributed in soil, water, crops and other environments.
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens has attracted extensive attention from scholars and domestic and foreign corporate researchers due to its antibacterial effect, growth-promoting ability, inducing crop stress resistance and rich and diverse metabolic capabilities.
Microsporidia have been reported to cause substantial deleterious effects on host fitness in host insects.
These effects include malformations in infected pupae, increased larval mortality, developmental delay of immatures, reduced fertility and longevity of adults, and increased susceptibility to stress conditions.
These stress factors cause biological changes in the host insect and may be associated with a decrease in its rate of parasitism.
As microsporidian pathogens generally display efficient transmission mechanisms and moderate virulence, these traits may make them more effective agents in establishing enzootics in host population, as evidenced by the use of a microsporidium to control grasshoppers.
Plant extracts are phytogenic biostimulants refer to some highly active substances extracted from plants, such as glycosides, acids, polyphenols, and polysaccharides, which can regulate crop growth and development, improve crop stress and disease resistance, and promote crop nutrient absorption. , terpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids, etc.
In fact, our commonly used plant growth regulators are all produced from artificially synthesized analogues based on the structures of active substances extracted from plants. As the active substances in plant extracts are more natural and have a stronger affinity with crops, they have better regulating and stress-resistance effects.
Microorganisms and metabolites: Microbial inoculants refer to a type of beneficial fungi and bacteria rich in specific living microorganisms. Through the life activities of the microorganisms they contain, they can increase the supply of plant nutrients or promote plant growth, increase yields, and improve the quality of agricultural products and agricultural ecological environment.
Common microbial inoculants are found in a variety of environments, including soil, plants, plant residues, water, and fertilizer compost.
Research shows that the application of microbial inoculants can significantly increase the amount of microorganisms in the soil, and the increased activity of these microorganisms can promote the enhancement of soil enzyme activity, and can decompose and release insoluble mineral nutrients in the soil. At the same time, At the same time, these microorganisms can also secrete plant hormones, thereby promoting crop growth.
Microorganisms can produce a variety of metabolites during their growth and metabolism. According to the relationship between metabolites and microbial growth and reproduction, they are divided into two categories: primary metabolites and secondary metabolites.
Primary metabolites refer to substances produced by microorganisms through metabolic activities and necessary for their own growth and reproduction, such as amino acids, nucleotides, polysaccharides, etc.
Secondary metabolites refer to substances produced by microorganisms that have no obvious physiological function or are not necessary for the microorganisms after they grow to a certain stage, such as antibiotics, toxins, hormones, pigments, etc.
Microbial metabolites used for biological control of plant diseases are mainly secondary metabolites.
Disease-resistant microorganisms can produce a variety of antibacterial substances, including antibiotics, lipopeptides, polypeptides, chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase, protease, cellulase, active proteins and volatile substances.
Biostimulant is a substance or microorganisms that, when applied to seeds, crops or roots, stimulates their natural growth processes, thereby enhancing or promoting nutrient absorption, fertilizer use efficiency, crop tolerance to abiotic stress, or improving crop quality and yield.
Tea saponins are triterpenoid saponins from Camellia plants, and consist of a sapogenin, glycosides and organic acids. Up to 2013, at least 93 tea saponin monomers from the seeds, roots and flowers of tea plants have been isolated and identifined.
Tea saponins are excellent natural biosurfactant, and possess a variety of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, hypolipidemic and gastric mucosal protection.
In addition, Tea saponins can be used for the recovery of heavy metals from wastewater and contaminated soils due to their high binding capacity with metal ions.
These properties make Tea saponins can be applied in pesticides, feed, aquaculture, textile, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, building materials and environmental modification.
According to the analysis of current research results, the application scope of tea saponin in the pesticide industry can be divided into four major categories:
One, tea saponin is as a wetting agent and suspending agent in solid pesticides.
Second, tea saponin is used as a synergist and spreading agent in emulsifiable concentrate pesticides.
Third, tea saponin is used as a co-solvent in herbicide pesticides or pesticides that are slightly soluble in water.
The fourth tea saponin is to directly use it as a biological pesticide.
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