Author: Master

Microbial Inoculants are advanced biological agents formulated with active microorganisms (such as bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes) through industrial processing. As a cornerstone of “green production,” they are widely utilized in modern agriculture, environmental protection, and biomedicine.

1. Core Functions & Benefits

• Soil Amendment: Effectively improves soil aggregate structure and activates mineral elements (Silicon, Phosphorus, Potassium), significantly enhancing nutrient use efficiency (NUE).
• Growth Promotion: Nitrogen-fixing and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria establish symbiotic relationships with roots, secreting growth hormones that stimulate root development and boost yields.
• Biocontrol & Resilience: By establishing dominant microbial colonies, these agents suppress soil-borne pathogens and improve crop resistance to continuous cropping obstacles, drought, and diseases.
• Decontamination: Degrades organic toxins in soil and neutralizes water pollutants in aquaculture environments.

2. Common Classifications

Microbial inoculants are categorized by their specific functions or microbial strains:

• By Function:
  • Nitrogen-fixing Inoculants: (e.g., Rhizobia) Convert atmospheric nitrogen into plant-available forms.
  • P/K-Solubilizing Inoculants: Break down insoluble minerals in the soil.
  • Decomposition Accelerants: Used for rapid fermentation and deodorization of organic waste (manure, straw).
• By Strains: Commonly includes Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Trichoderma harzianum, photosynthetic bacteria, and lactic acid bacteria.

3. Application & Guidelines

• Early Application: Apply during sowing, transplanting, or the early stages of disease. Microbes need time to colonize and form a dominant population in the rhizosphere.
• Application Methods: Suitable for seed soaking, root drenching, fertilizer blending, or foliar spraying.
• Key Precautions:
  • Avoid High Temperatures: Most live bacteria are heat-sensitive. Avoid direct sunlight or using liquids above 40°C.
  • Avoid Chemical Mixing: Do not mix with strong acids, alkalis, or chemical fungicides to ensure microbial viability.
  • Nutritional Support: Combine with organic fertilizers to provide the necessary carbon and energy sources for microbial reproduction.

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1-MCP is used for the preservation of fruits, vegetables, and flowers that produce or are sensitive to ethylene.

1-MCP effectively delays ripening and senescence, maintains the firmness and crispness of the product, preserves its color, flavor, aroma, and nutrients, effectively maintains the plant’s disease resistance, reduces microbial rot and physiological disorders, and decreases water evaporation, preventing wilting. Treating fruits, vegetables, and flowers with 1-MCP significantly extends their shelf life.

1-MCP is a highly effective inhibitor of ethylene production and action. Ethylene, a plant hormone that promotes maturation and senescence, can be produced by some plants themselves, and can also exist in certain amounts in the storage environment and even the air.

Ethylene binds to relevant receptors within cells to activate a series of physiological and biochemical reactions related to maturation, accelerating senescence and death.

1-MCP can also bind well to ethylene receptors, but this binding does not trigger the biochemical reactions of maturation.

Therefore, applying 1-MCP before endogenous ethylene production or exogenous ethylene action in plants allows it to preemptively bind to ethylene receptors, thus preventing ethylene from binding to its receptors and effectively prolonging the maturation and senescence process of fruits and vegetables, extending their shelf life.

Chitinases produced by microorganisms have significant antagonistic effects on plant pathogenic fungi. The possible mechanisms are as follows:

—Disrupting the cell wall structure of pathogens. Chitinases hydrolyze chitin components in pathogen cell walls, inhibiting fungal spore germination and germ tube elongation. They also inhibit pathogen growth by degrading newly synthesized chitin at the ends of hyphae, disrupting the deposition of new cellular substances and hindering hyphal extension.

—Enhancing plant defenses. Chitinases produce chito-oligosaccharides when degrading chitin components in pathogen cell walls. Chitosan oligosaccharides not only inhibit the invasion and spread of pathogens, hindering their growth, but also act as elicitors, acting as signaling factors in plant defense responses, rapidly initiating them and inducing plant cells to respond to pathogen invasion. They regulate the activity of disease-resistance-related enzymes such as peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), producing antimicrobial substances such as phytoalexins and phenolic compounds. These substances increase the levels of pathogenesis-related proteins in plants, enhancing disease resistance.

—They also synergize with other plant defense enzymes, cell wall-degrading enzymes, plant pathogenesis-related proteins, fungicides, and other biocontrol agents, enhancing plant disease resistance.

Bacillus subtilis is the most intensively studied Bacillus species to date. Its use in controlling plant diseases has become a hot topic in biocontrol research, with numerous reports both domestically and internationally.

Reported strains isolated from crop rhizosphere soil, root surfaces, plants, and leaves have shown efficacy against fungal and bacterial diseases of various plants, including rice sheath blight, rice blast, wheat sheath blight, legume root rot, rice neck blast, and wheat take-all disease in grain crops, and tomato leaf blight, cucumber wilt, cucumber downy mildew, eggplant gray mold, eggplant powdery mildew, pepper blight, and tomato sheath blight in vegetables. Bacillus subtilis can also control various post-harvest fruit diseases, including apple core mold, nectarine brown rot, citrus penicillium, strawberry gray mold, strawberry powdery mildew, banana wilt, banana crown rot, banana anthracnose, apple and pear penicillium, apple and pear black spot, apple and pear canker, and golden pear fruit rot. In addition, Bacillus subtilis also has a good preventive and control effect on poplar canker, rot, black spot and anthracnose, tea ring spot, tobacco anthracnose, black shank, root rot and cotton damping-off.

Molasses fermented fertilizer is a liquid organic fertilizer produced by microbial fermentation of molasses. It is characterized by high microbial content, rich nutrients and easy use.

Molasses fermented fertilizer has the following advantages when used as base fertilizer for fruit trees:

• Rich in nutrients: Molasses fermented fertilizer is rich in nutrients such as various amino acids, sugars, vitamins and trace elements, which play an important role in the growth of fruit trees and the development of fruits.
• Improve soil: Molasses fermented fertilizer can provide food for healthy microorganisms in the soil, promote the reproduction and activity of microorganisms, thereby improving soil structure, increasing soil organic matter and improving soil fertility.
• Promote root growth: Molasses fermented fertilizer can promote the massive growth of fruit tree roots, enhance the absorption capacity of the roots, and improve the disease resistance and stress resistance of fruit trees.
• Improve fruit quality: The appropriate use of molasses fermented fertilizer can improve the quality and yield of fruits, making the fruits sweeter and more delicious.

Bacillus velezensis is an aerobic, gram-positive, endospore-forming bacterium that enhances plant growth. Many strains of this species are known to inhibit the growth of microbial pathogens, such as bacteria, fungi, and nematodes.

Recent phylogenetic studies have led to the reclassification of several Bacillus species as B. velezensis, though this information has not yet been fully integrated into organized resources.

Genomic analysis shows that B. velezensis has strain-specific gene clusters for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, which are crucial for pathogen suppression and plant growth promotion.

Specifically, B. velezensis has a high genetic capacity for producing cyclic lipopeptides like surfactin, bacillomycin-D, fengycin, and bacillibactin, as well as polyketides such as macrolactin, bacillaene, and difficidin.

The secondary metabolites from B. velezensis can also induce systemic resistance in plants, helping them defend against recurring attacks by harmful microorganisms.

Bacillus velezensis is a beneficial, gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium known for its plant growth-promoting and biocontrol properties. It’s an aerobic, endospore-forming species found in various environments, including soil, water, and plant roots. Bacillus velezensis strains are known for producing secondary metabolites, such as cyclic lipopeptides and polyketides, which contribute to their ability to suppress pathogens, promote plant growth, and even induce systemic resistance in plants. 

Key Characteristics of Bacillus velezensis:

Gram-positive, rod-shaped, aerobic, and endospore-forming:These are the defining characteristics of Bacillus velezensis, placing it within the Bacillus family. 

Ubiquitous in nature:It’s found in diverse environments, making it a versatile bacterium for various applications. 

Plant growth promotion:Strains of B. velezensis are known to stimulate plant growth through various mechanisms, including the production of growth-promoting hormones, phosphate solubilization, and nitrogen fixation. 

Biocontrol agent:It effectively suppresses the growth of plant pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and nematodes, making it a valuable biocontrol agent. 

Secondary metabolite production:B. velezensis produces a range of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial and plant growth-promoting properties, including cyclic lipopeptides like surfactin and fengycin, and polyketides like macrolactin. 

Induced systemic resistance:Some strains can trigger induced systemic resistance in plants, enhancing their defense against future pathogen attacks. 

Harmless to humans and animals:It is generally considered non-pathogenic and safe for human and animal health. 

According to the different types of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) contained, microbial fertilizers are divided into bacterial micro-fertilizers, actinomycete micro-fertilizers, and fungal micro-fertilizers.

According to the principle of action, they can be divided into rhizobia, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, ectophytic or endophytic mycorrhizal fungi, photosynthetic bacteria, and organic material decomposition agents.

According to the functional diversity of micro-fertilizers, they can be divided into: single strain preparations, multi-strain preparations, microbial fertilizer compound preparations, microbial trace element compound preparations, and microbial organic fertilizer preparations.

According to the dosage form, they can be divided into: liquid, powder, granular, and freeze-dried.

According to the properties of the finished product, they can be divided into: liquid, mainly used for seed dressing and foliar spraying; solid granular, used for basal application or topdressing.