Fungal insecticides are the most widely used type of microbial insecticides except bacterial insecticides.
At present, the active ingredients of fungal insecticides mainly include Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Paecilomyces lilacinus, etc.
These fungi are highly infective, the insecticidal effect can be achieved through mycelium invasion of insects, enzymatic hydrolysis, and inhibition of insect immunity.
Root-knot nematode is a highly specialized omnivorous crop parasitic nematode. It mainly damages the roots of various vegetables, showing that the lateral roots and fibrous roots are more than normal, and forms spherical or conical white nodules of different sizes on the fibrous roots of young roots, and some are bead-shaped.
The aboveground part of the damaged plant grows short and slow, with abnormal leaf color, few fruits, low yield, and even premature death of the plant.
Root-knot nematodes are serious damage to crops, ranging from reduced yields to severe crop failures, so they must be controlled in time.
Lin chemical solution for root-knot nematode:
After the virus infects the target pest, it will replicate in its body.
After the pest is killed, it will infect other target pests again, which can continuously reduce the number of pests.
The virus production process does not produce pollution and consumes low energy.
An insect is a virus production factory.
More about Lin Chemical insect virus
Seed treatment-Promote seed enzyme activity and increase germination rate.
Foliar spray-Improve photosynthesis, green leaves increase.
Flower bud differentiation, flower bud stage use-Preserve flowers and fruits, increase the rate of booting and seed setting.
Use during fruit expansion-Puffing and coloring, improving quality.
Anti-stress & drug damage
Promote cell division and fruit enlargement. It can obviously promote the division of cells, and promote the horizontal and vertical growth of organs, thus playing the role of expanding the fruit.
Delay leaf senescence, keep green for a long time, strengthen chlorophyll synthesis, improve photosynthesis, and promote leaf color to deepen and turn green.
Breaking the dominance of the top, promoting the germination of side buds, can penetrate the differentiation of buds, promote the formation of side branches, increase the number of branches, increase the number of flowers, improve the fertilization of pollen, thereby increasing the number of fruits and increasing the yield.
Improve the quality of crops and increase their commerciality. Induce parthenocarpy, stimulate ovary expansion, prevent flower and fruit drop, promote protein synthesis, increase sugar content, etc.
Main types:
28-homo brassinolide
24-Epi brssinolide
Paecilomyces lilacinus is currently a biological control product that mainly acts on nematodes. It is an endoparasitic fungus and is an important natural enemy of some plant parasitic nematodes.
It can parasitize eggs and infect larvae and females , can significantly reduce the damage of root-knot nematodes, cyst nematodes, stem nematodes and other plant nematode diseases of various crops, and the parasitic rate of eggs of root-knot nematode incognita is as high as 60%-70%.
The control targets of Paecilomyces lilacinus are mainly root-knot nematodes and cyst nematodes on eggplant, ginger, cucumber, watermelon, soybean, tomato, tobacco and other crops.
The biological control of plant pathogenic nematodes by Paecilomyces lilacinus is a research hotspot at present.
It has been found that the organisms that can prevent nematode diseases include fungi that prey on nematodes, nematodes, planarians, nematodes, insects, mites, etc.; parasitic nematode viruses, native Animals, bacteria, etc., can also use plant extracts, and its control effect is also better.
The rich metabolites produced by the metabolism of P. lilacinus can not only help plants resist harmful organisms, but also directly serve as nutrients for crops to promote crop growth. The active substances produced in it are similar to plant auxins, which can promote growth under low concentration conditions. Crop growth, and many enzymes such as glucanase and silk protease can promote seed germination and seedling growth.
In addition to controlling nematodes, Paecilomyces lilacinus can also secrete endogenous hormones such as indole acetic acid, which has a good effect on promoting the growth of crop roots.
Nematode disease has the characteristics of strong concealment, difficult diagnosis, and few control agents, and has become one of the important threats to global agricultural production.
The methods of preventing and controlling plant parasitic nematodes mainly include cultivating new disease-resistant varieties, soil disinfection before planting, crop rotation, changing planting time, and fallow.
Among many strategies, the application of nematicides is one of the effective methods to control plant parasitic nematodes.
However, the frequent damage of plant parasitic nematodes in the world, long-term repeated use of nematicides has increased the risk of nematode resistance, and at the same time promoted the market value of nematicides to increase year by year. Nematicides also face the problems of few types and heavy regulatory pressure. Traditional nematicides will be increasingly restricted in the future due to their adverse effects on the environment and human health.
Therefore, the development of new efficient and low-risk nematicides is a huge challenge for the current integrated nematode control.
Plant-parasitic nematodes are important pathogenic nematodes that seriously threaten the sustainable development of agriculture and cause huge economic losses to global agriculture every year.
The Society of Nematologists estimates that plant-parasitic nematodes are responsible for $100 billion in crop yield losses worldwide each year.
In the U.S. alone, more than $5 billion is lost each year in crop yields including soybeans, cotton, sugar beets, tomatoes, and other fruits and vegetables.
In Brazil, nematode-induced economic losses in crops (soybean, cotton, sugar cane and coffee) can average up to US$ 200 per hectare.
cis ‐Jasmone is a plant volatile known to have roles as an insect semiochemical and in inducing plant defence.
It was evaluated in laboratory and field trials for control of cereal aphids. In an olfactometer bioassay cis ‐jasmone was repellent to alatae of the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) (Homoptera: Aphididae).
Moreover, wheat, Triticum aestivum (L), seedlings sprayed with formulated cis ‐jasmone 24 h previously were less susceptible to attack by S avenae than control plants. In field simulator studies, significantly fewer alate S avenae settled on cis ‐jasmone‐treated plants over a 24‐h period.
In addition, the intrinsic rate of population increase, r m , of S avenae apterae was reduced on cis ‐jasmone treated seedlings.
In a series of small‐plot experiments conducted over four years, cis ‐jasmone applications reduced cereal aphid populations infesting wheat in the field.
by Bruce, Toby JA，Martin, Janet L，Pickett, John A，Pye, Barry J，Smart, Lesley E，Wadhams, Lester J
Cis-jasmone is a natural oil extracted from plants. It is released by many flowers including jasmine, citrus, mint, raspberry, cinnamon and green tea.
Jasmone exists in two different isomeric forms around the pentenyl double bond, cis-jasmone [(Z)-jasmone] and trans-jasmone [(E)-jasmone]. The natural extract contains only the cis form, while the synthetic jasmone is a mixture of the two, with the cis form predominant. These two forms have similar physiochemical properties.
For various insects, cis-jasmone is both an attractant and a repellent, and thus can be used as a nematicide to control plant-parasitic nematodes. Cis-jasmone also activates nematode and insect resistance genes in various field crops and vegetables, inducing plant defense systems.
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