Author: Master

Chitosan, also known as soluble chitin, chitin, and chitosan, its chemical name is polyglucosamine (1-4)-2-amino-B-D glucose, which is made from chitin through deacetylation. What is obtained is a natural biopolymer.

Generally speaking, if more than 55% of the N-acetyl group is removed, it can be called chitosan. Chitosan is already soluble in dilute acid, a step further than chitin. However, chitin and chitosan are both macromolecules, with molecular weights ranging from hundreds of thousands to millions, and are not soluble in water.

Chitin is deacetylated to obtain chitosan, which is further degraded to become chitosan oligosaccharide.

Chitosan oligosaccharide

Chitin, also known as chitin, chitin, and chitin. It is extracted from chitin-containing substances such as shrimp shells and crab shells.

It is a white translucent solid. Insoluble in water, ethanol and ether. It is a nitrogen-containing polysaccharide composed of N-acetyl α-amino-D-glucosamine linked by β(1→4) glycosidic bonds.

Soluble in concentrated mineral acids and anhydrous formic acid. It is hydrolyzed in concentrated acid or alkali to form α-glucosamine. Chitin is chemically treated to remove the acetyl group and becomes chitosan.

CHITOSAN OLIGOSACCHARIDE

Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are a kind of compounds which contain the structure of R-N=C=S, and they are mainly derived from the cruciferous plant and its near-edge plant. China is the big production country of cruciferous plant, and the development of the national economy will be promoted by the application of the deep development of isothiocyanates. Isothiocyanates are usually used as flavoring agents, and also widely used in food, medical and agricultural fields because of their antibacterial property, antioxidant activity, anticancer ability and insecticidal property. In this article, the methods of purification and analysis of isothiocyanates were reviewed, and the application status of isothiocyanates was described, which can provide theoretical basis for further development of isothiocyanates.

For more about Allyisothiocyanate

A new biological fumigation agent of 20% Isothiocyanate AS was studied for the effect of soil disinfection on greenhouse strawberry using drip irrigation system. The results showed that 20% Isothiocyanate AS showed significant control efficacies against bacterium and fungi （including Fusarium, Pythium, Aspergillus, Penicillium, etc. ）. Its control effect against Fusarium could reach 100 % , but against actinomycetes it had not distinct effect. After soil disinfection by Isothiocyanate AS in greenhouse, the survival rate of strawberry increased significantly during the whole growing period. Isothiocyanate can be applied to strawberry cultivation.

Source: China Vegetables

The evolution of mycorrhizal symbiosis is thought to be an important pathway that enabled the development of land plants 400 million years ago.

Arbuscular Mycorrhiza, AM fungi are symbiotic with 80% of terrestrial plants, helping plants to obtain long-distance water and nutrients and promoting plants to adapt to environmental changes. Arbuscular Mycorrhiza extends extra-root hyphae from the plant root system, expanding the nutrient absorption area of the host plant. However, plants interact with many microorganisms in addition to Arbuscular Mycorrhiza fungi, and plants cultivate and shape the microbiome for their own benefit by secreting microbial stimulatory and inhibitory compounds. Therefore, the rhizosphere, that is, the soil region surrounding the roots, affected by these exudates, often constitutes a dense microbial community selectively assembled by the plant that is distinct from the surrounding non-rhizosphere soil. Similar to plants, Arbuscular Mycorrhiza fungi have also been shown to interact with the microorganisms around them. Interactions between Arbuscular Mycorrhiza fungi and bacteria not only have an impact on the bacterial community but can also greatly affect the performance of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza fungi.

Excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in conventional farming results in pollution and reduced biodiversity, whereas organic farming avoids these practices and promotes soil biodiversity, of which mycorrhizal fungi are considered key taxa.

For more about Arbuscular Mycorrhiza

Pomacea canaliculata, due to its strong adaptability, wide feeding habits, and large appetite, has rapidly spread to farmland, fish ponds, rivers, lakes, wetland parks and other water environments, endangering ecosystem balance, agricultural production, and human health.

The eggs of apple snails are laid on the surface of dry objects or plants above the water surface, such as ditch walls, walls, field ridges, river banks and straw. The first egg mass is bright orange-red, which gradually changes to Barbie pink during hatching. Barbie’s pink egg mass is one of the important signs that we can identify the apple snail.

Biological control for Pomacea canaliculata/ Apple snails, Tea saponin

Strong hydrophilicity and water retention capacity: Polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) reduces soil infiltration rate, reduces water infiltration, increases soil saturated moisture content, reduces saturated hydraulic conductivity, and increases soil porosity. When submerged in the soil, a thin film will be formed on the surface of the plant root hairs. It not only protects the root hairs, but also serves as the best transport platform for nutrients, water and root hairs in the soil to come into close contact. It can effectively improve fertilizer production. dissolution, storage, transportation and absorption. Prevents the precipitation of sulfate, phosphate, oxalate and metal elements, allowing crops to more effectively absorb phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and trace elements in the soil. Promote the development of crop root systems and enhance disease resistance.

Balance soil pH: Polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) has excellent buffering ability against acids and alkalis, and can effectively balance soil pH and avoid acidic soil caused by long-term use of chemical fertilizers. It plays the role of fertilizer conservation and inhibits the leaching of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen to the deep soil.

Can combine and precipitate toxic heavy metals: Polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) has excellent chelating effect on toxic heavy metals such as Pb+2, Cu+2, Cd+2, Cr+3, Al+3, As+4.

Enhance plant stress resistance: Polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) by integrating plant nutrition and water-active components in the soil can enhance resistance to symptoms caused by soil-borne plant pathogens.

Promote increased yield: By maintaining soil moisture content and enhancing crop nutrient absorption, the effect of Polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) in increasing crop yield can be achieved.

Polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA), also known as natto gum and polyglutamic acid, is a water-soluble, biodegradable, non-toxic, sticky substance that is used in “natto” —First discovered in fermented beans. Polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a macromolecular amino acid polymer produced by biological fermentation process and is available in two forms: powder and liquid.

Polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a special anionic natural polymer, a homopolyamide composed of linear amide bonds of glutamic acid between α-amino groups and γ-carboxyl groups.

Polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) is an amino acid polymer synthesized by microbial fermentation. It has excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. It can be used as a biomedical material, sewage treatment material, and can also be used as a food thickener. , food antifreeze and preservation, cosmetics moisturizer and agriculture and other fields.

Rhamnolipids are already used for soil remediation for improving soil quality and are now further getting explored for plant pathogen elimination, for aiding the absorption of fertilizers and nutrients through roots and as biopesticides

Bioremediation and enhanced oil recovery

Pharmaceuticals and therapeutics

Cosmetics

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Agriculture