Plants, like animals, have an innate immune system (innate immunity), which is a self-defense mechanism.
When it detects the threat of external pathogenic bacteria, it will activate a protective mechanism to fight against it.
The plant immune system has two lines of defense, one on the cell surface and one inside the cell.
The immune receptors detect pathogenic molecules for defense. They are PRR (Pattern Recognition Receptors) and NLR (Nucleotide-binding domain Leucine-rich repeat). Receptors).
The PRR of the first line of defense is located on the cell membrane and can recognize molecules on the surface of pathogens (PAMP, Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns). When PRR binds to PAMP, it will trigger an immune response to resist pathogen invasion.
while the NLR of the second line of defense is located on the cell. Internally, an immune response is achieved after detecting the effector proteins secreted by pathogenic bacteria into the cell.
NLRs are very special. Some can work alone without relying on other NLRs to identify pathogens and trigger defense responses. Some NLRs require division of labor. After the “detection NLR” (Sensor NLR) is responsible for identifying pathogens, the “auxiliary NLR” ” (Helper NLR) activates the immune response to resist foreign enemies.
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