Substances that can activate plants to produce immune responses are also called elicitors, such as,
— Small molecule compounds: plant hormones and their derivatives (salicylic acid (SA), auxin (IAA), naphthylacetic acid (NAA), benzothiadiazole S-methyl ester (BTH), brassinosteroid (BR) etc.), natural secondary metabolites and their derivatives (AHO, DSF, ZNC, etc.).
— Carbohydrates: polysaccharides (pectin (galacturonic acid oligosaccharides, etc.), chitosan, β-glucan, alginate, chitin, etc.), oligosaccharides (chito-oligosaccharides, gluco-oligosaccharides, chito-oligosaccharides, etc.) Tetra-oligosaccharide, etc.), lipopolysaccharide (from various microbial sources, LPS, JY001, etc.).
— Proteins and peptides: polypeptides (flagellar peptide flg22, etc.), proteins (hypersensitive protein Harpin, ultrafine Alternaria protein, cryptoprotein, VDAL, etc.), oomycetes, glycoproteins.
— Others: microorganisms, lipids, nucleic acids (guanine glycosides), vitamin B1, inorganic salts, non-protein amino acids, azelaic acid, iron chlorin, glycerol 3-phosphate and dehydrorosin aldehyde, etc.
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